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DOSAGE
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Corneal Ulcers: 2 gtts q15mins for first 6hrs, then 2 gtts q30mins for reminder of the 1st day. 2nd day: instill 2 gtts q1hr, Day 3-14, instill 2 gtts q4hrs. Treatment may be continued after 14 days if corneal re-epithelialization has not occurred.
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis: 1 or 2 gtts into conjunctival sac q2hrs while awake for 2 days, and 1-2 gtts q4hrs while awake for next 5 days
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INDICATIONS
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CILOXAN Ophthalmic Solution is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below: Corneal Ulcers: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens * Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus (Viridans Group)* Conjunctivitis: Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae
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MECHANISM OF ACTION
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Fluoroquinolone (2nd); Binds bacterial DNA gyrase preventing protein synthesis
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MICROBIOLOGY
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Microbiology: Ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from interference with the enzyme DNA gyrase which is needed for the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following organisms both in vitro and in clinical infections (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE). Aerobic gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains) Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-susceptible strains) Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus (Viridans Group) Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms: Haemophilus influenzae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be active in vitro against most strains of the following organisms, however, the clinical significance of these data is unknown: Gram-Positive: Enterococcus faecalis (Many strains are only moderately susceptible) Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus hominis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Streptococcus pyogenes Gram-Negative: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus Aeromonas caviae Aeromonas hydrophila Brucella melitensis Campylobacter coli Campylobacter jejuni Citrobacter diversus Citrobacter freundii Edwardsiella tarda Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus parainfluenzae Kiebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Legionella pneumophila Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis Morganella morganii Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Pasteurella multocida Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Providencia rettgeri Providencia stuartii Salmonella enteritidis Salmonella typhi Shigella sonneii Shigella flexneri Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificus Yersinia enterocolitica Other Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis (only moderately susceptible) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (only moderately susceptible). Most strains of Pseudomonas cepacia and some strains of Pseudomonas maltophilia are resistant to ciprofloxacin as are most anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS & WARNINGS
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A history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other component of the medication is a contraindication to its use. A history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones may also contraindicate the use of ciprofloxacin.
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PEDIATRIC USE
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Safety and effectiveness have been established in all ages.
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PREGNANCY
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Category C |There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Rat and rabbit studies have not produced teratogenicity
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